Metaphysics and Epistemology
The philosophical subjects of metaphysics and epistemology would be substantially different than they are today if there had been no David Hume . Hume challenged t...   read more

Immanuel Kant is one of the most influential philosophers in the history of Western philosophy. His contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics have had a profound impact on almost every philoso...   read more

Social and Political Thought
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel is one of the greatest systematic thinkers in the history of Western philosophy. In addition to epitomizing German idealist philosoph...   read more

A Prussian-born philologist and philosopher, produced critiques of religion, morality, contemporary culture, and philosophy. These works centered on what he viewed as fundamental questions regarding the life-affirming...   read more

Albert Einstein was born of non-observant Jews, he attended a Catholic elementary school. When Einstein was five, his father showed him a small pocket compass, and he realized that something in "empty" space...   read more

Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, and Viscount St. Alban's, philosopher and statesman, was the youngest son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper, by his second wife, a daughter of Sir Ant...   read more

Carl Edward Sagan (November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer and astrochemist and a highly successful popularizer of astronomy, astrophysics, and other natural sciences. He pioneered exobiolog...   read more

Theists and atheists: Reluctant bedfellows
by
Sean Murray

There is a major distinction between the 'lawyer' and the 'philosopher.' The lawyer participates in an argument: takes a side and fights for...   read more

Six Prominent American Freethinkers
by James Farmelant and Mark Lindley

An article in the March 2008 issue of Aufklärung und Kritik1 described four "new atheists" in the USA (Sam Harris, Daniel Dennett, ...   read more